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Gas Cooling Screening Analysis

This calculation tool is designed to be used for preliminary screening. Of necessity, it makes assumptions intended to simplify the process. Final decisions should be based on a detailed analysis of all relevant factors, including actual cooling load shape, local weather, part-load performance of equipment, and specific utility rates.

Enter values as indicated and click on "calculate" to determine how the simple payback compares for a natural gas cooling system and an electric system. To estimate equivalent months of full-load cooling demand, consult chiller logs or compare the maximum expected temperature for each month with the maximum expected temperature in the design month. (Expected temperatures can be determined based on weather data for your location; data can be found at lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html.)

These steps will yield a peak cooling demand profile for the year. Once you have this profile, translate it into an equivalent number of months of full cooling demand by summing the values for each month and dividing by the full-load value.

Equivalent full-load hours per year for cooling can be estimated from chiller logs or cooling degree-days. A discussion about estimating cooling loads using degree-days can be found in the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 30, page 30.17.

Other values required by this calculation tool should be available from utility bills and equipment manufacturers' data.

Case description 
Cooling load
tons @ full load
Equivalent months of full cooling demand
months
Equivalent full load hours per year
EFLH/year
Utilities sales tax
%
Summer gas price
$/Mcf
Summer peak electric demand price
$/kW
Summer peak electric energy price
$/kWh
Net installed cost premium for gas system
$/ton
Added maintenance cost for gas chiller
($0.01/ton-hr default for engines)
($0.005/ton-hr default for absorption)
$/ton-hr
Gas chiller COP1,2
(With gas higher heating value–HHV)
Incremental power for gas chiller auxiliary systems (Gas chillers require greater condenser water flow—typically 5 gallons per minute per ton [gpm/ton] versus 3 gpm/ton for an electric chiller—resulting in increased power demand. Increased demand is typically about 0.10 kW/ton for single-effect absorption or 0.05 kW/ton for double-effect absorption or an engine-driven compressor.)
kW/ton

Electric chiller efficiency
(preferably integrated part-load value)

kW/ton
Electric cooling: annual operating costs
Demand
$
Energy
$
Electric system total
$
 
Gas cooling: annual operating and incremental maintenance costs
(Does not include savings from engine heat recovery, which can be as high as 15 to 20 percent of fuel input.)
Gas fuel
$
Maintenance
$
Demand
$
Energy
$
Gas system total
$
Gas cooling savings
$
Gas system net cost premium
$
Simple payback
years
Notes:
1. If the efficiency data are in terms of Mcf/ton-hr, calculate COP from COP = (1/85) x (1/Mcf/ton-hr).
2. All dollar values are U.S. dollars.